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挤出和注塑是最常见的两种塑料加工工艺，二者是怎样加工塑料制品的?二者的区别是什么?
塑料挤出
在塑料加工中又称挤出成型或挤塑，在橡胶加工中又称压出。是指物料通过挤出机料筒和螺杆间的作用，边受热塑化，边被螺杆向前推送，连续通过机头而制成各种截面制品或半制品的一种加工方法。挤出应用于热塑性塑料和橡胶的加工，可进行配料、造粒、胶料过滤等，可连续化生产，制造各种连续制品如管材、型材、板材(或片材)、薄膜、电线电缆包覆、橡胶轮胎胎面条、内胎胎筒、密封条等，其生产效率高。
挤出成型机由挤出装置、传动机构和加热、冷却系统等主要部分组成。挤出机有螺杆式(单螺杆和多螺杆)和柱塞式两种类型。前者的挤出工艺是连续式，后者是间歇式。
单螺杆挤出机的基本结构主要包括传动装置、加料装置、料筒、螺杆、机头和口模等部分。
挤出机的辅助设备有物料的前处理设备(如物料输送与干燥)、挤出物处理设备(定型、冷却、牵引、切料或辊卷)和生产条件控制设备等三大类。
塑料注塑
塑料注塑是塑料制品的一种方法，也叫注射成型，将熔融的塑料利用压力注进塑料制品模具中，冷却成型得到想要各种塑料件。有专门用于进行注塑的机械注塑机。目前最常使用的塑料是聚苯乙烯。所得的形状往往就是最后成品，在安装或作为最终成品使用之前不再需要其他的加工。许多细部，诸如凸起部、肋、螺纹，都可以在注射模塑一步操作中成型出来。
| Physical Properties | Metric | English | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| Density | 1.16 g/cc | 0.0419 lb/in3 | ISO 1183 |
| Moisture Absorption at Equilibrium | 0.200 % | 0.200 % | ISO 62 |
| Water Absorption at Saturation | 0.500 % | 0.500 % | ISO 62 |
| Viscosity |
225000 cP @Frequency 1000 Hz, Temperature 260 °C |
225000 cP @Frequency 1000 Hz, Temperature 500 °F |
ISO 1133 |
| Linear Mold Shrinkage, Flow | 0.00550 - 0.00750 cm/cm | 0.00550 - 0.00750 in/in | 150x105x3 mm; 260 °C / MT 80 °C; b.o. ISO 2577 |
| Linear Mold Shrinkage, Transverse | 0.00550 - 0.00750 cm/cm | 0.00550 - 0.00750 in/in | 150x105x3 mm; 260 °C / MT 80 °C; b.o. ISO 2577 |
| Melt Flow |
31 g/10 min @Load 5.00 kg, Temperature 260 °C |
31 g/10 min @Load 11.0 lb, Temperature 500 °F |
estimated from MVR using room temperature density; ISO 1133 |
| Mechanical Properties | Metric | English | Comments |
| Tensile Strength at Break | 62.0 MPa | 8990 psi | 50 mm/min; ISO 527-1/-2 |
| Tensile Strength, Yield | 63.0 MPa | 9140 psi | 50 mm/min; ISO 527-1/-2 |
| Elongation at Break | >= 50.0 % | >= 50.0 % | 50 mm/min; ISO 527-1/-2 |
| Elongation at Yield | 5.0 % | 5.0 % | 50 mm/min; ISO 527-1/-2 |
| Tensile Modulus | 2.45 GPa | 355 ksi | 1 mm/min; ISO 527-1/-2 |
| Izod Impact, Notched (ISO) |
15.0 kJ/m2 @Temperature -20.0 °C |
7.14 ft-lb/in2 @Temperature -4.00 °F |
ISO 180-A |
|
45.0 kJ/m2 @Temperature 23.0 °C |
21.4 ft-lb/in2 @Temperature 73.4 °F |
ISO 180-A | |
| Izod Impact, Unnotched (ISO) |
NB @Temperature 23.0 °C |
NB @Temperature 73.4 °F |
ISO 180-U |
|
NB @Temperature -30.0 °C |
NB @Temperature -22.0 °F |
ISO 180-U | |
| Electrical Properties | Metric | English | Comments |
| Volume Resistivity | 1.00e+14 ohm-cm | 1.00e+14 ohm-cm | IEC 60093 |
| Surface Resistance | 1.00e+16 ohm | 1.00e+16 ohm | IEC 60093 |
| Dielectric Constant |
2.80 @Frequency 1.00e+6 Hz |
2.80 @Frequency 1.00e+6 Hz |
IEC 60250 |
PET (polyethylene terephthalate polyester #) /ADN-5568/ Changzhou Andre
Purpose: bottle grade slice
Important parameter:
Manufacturer: Changzhou andenie polyester Co. Ltd.
PET (polyethylene terephthalate polyester #) /ADN-5136/ Changzhou Andre
Purpose: bottle grade slice
Important parameter:
Manufacturer: Changzhou andenie polyester Co. Ltd.
PET (polyethylene terephthalate # polyester) /63SD/ Yanshan petrochemical
Usage: fiber
Remarks: semi extinction, spinning
Important parameter: softening point of VEKA: 260 DEG C
Manufacturer: Sinopec Beijing Yanhua Petrochemical Limited by Share Ltd
PET (polyethylene terephthalate polyester #) /515CS DuPont BK575M/
Uses: other
Important parameter: density: 1.43 g/cm3 bending modulus: 5600 MPa
Manufacturer: DuPont Co
PET (polyethylene terephthalate # polyester /1105 BLK/ RTP America)
Uses: other
Remark: 30% glass fiber.
Important parameters: molding shrinkage: 0.2%, elongation at break: 4% bending strength: 221 MPa bending modulus: 9650 MPa
Manufacturer: American RTP company
PET (polyethylene terephthalate # polyester /1108 BLK/ RTP America)
Uses: other
Remark: 45% glass fiber.
Important parameters: molding shrinkage: 0.2%, elongation at break: 4% bending strength: 265 MPa bending modulus: 13800 MPa
Manufacturer: American RTP company
PET (polyethylene terephthalate polyester #) /A06 101/ DSM in Holland
Uses: other
Important parameters: melt flow rate: 6.5 g/10min density: 1.34 g/cm3, water absorption: 0.3%, oxygen index: 25%
Manufacturer: Holland DSM company
PET (polyethylene terephthalate # polyester plastic /446/ Schulman)
Uses: other
Important parameters: density: 1.61 g/cm3 water absorption: 0.2% molding shrinkage: 0.3% tensile strength: 110 MPa bending strength: 179 MPa bending modulus: 11200 MPa hardness: 118
Manufacturer: Schulman plastics
PET (polyethylene terephthalate polyester #) /RE15022 DuPont NC010/
Uses: other
Important parameters: density: 1.65 g/cm3 bending strength: 305 MPa bending modulus: 12700 MPa, hot deformation temperature: 235 DEG C
Manufacturer: DuPont Co
PET (polyethylene terephthalate polyester #) /RE5329 DuPont NC010/
Uses: other
Important parameter: density: 1.63 g/cm3 molding shrinkage: 0.4%, hot deformation temperature: 205 degrees centigrade
Manufacturer: DuPont Co
PET (polyethylene terephthalate polyester # Indonesia Indorama /A1/)
Uses: other
Characteristic note: compliance of amorphous copolymer food contact
Important parameter:
Manufacturer: Indonesia Indorama group
PET (polyethylene terephthalate polyester # Indonesia Indorama /N2/)
Uses: electronic and electrical components
Characteristic note: low warpage
Important parameters: melt flow rate: 41 g/10min, elongation at break: 320% bending modulus: 72.9 MPa
Manufacturer: Indonesia Indorama group
PET (polyethylene terephthalate polyester #) /1800-8567/ Germany Fuchs Lehman
Uses: other
Characteristic note: good wear resistance
Important parameters: density: 1.43 g/cm3 molding shrinkage: 1.6% notched impact strength: 28
Manufacturer: German Lehman Corporation
PET (polyethylene terephthalate # polyester /7676/ Milstein)
Uses: other
Characteristics: copolymer, food contact compliance
Important parameter:
Manufacturer: Milstein (Muehlstein) Company
PET (polyethylene terephthalate # polyester /8080/ Milstein)
Uses: other
Characteristics: copolymer, food contact compliance
Important parameter:
Manufacturer: Milstein (Muehlstein) Company
PET (polyethylene terephthalate polyester #) /E1515/ Fuzhou Jiawei
Uses: other
Characteristic note: 15% glass fiber reinforced flame retardant
Important parameter:
Manufacturer: Fuzhou Granville Technology Co. Ltd.
PET (polyethylene terephthalate polyester #) /IV 78 HF/ MPI
Uses: other
Characteristic note: compliance of food contact
Important parameter:
Manufacturer: American MPI company
PET (polyethylene terephthalate polyester /CB-651S/ #) far eastern Shanghai
Uses: other
Characteristic note: heat resistance
Important parameter: density: 1.4 g/cm3
Far spinning industries (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.
PET (polyethylene terephthalate polyester #) /GW520CS DuPont NC010/
Uses: other
Important parameter: density: 1.6 g/cm3
Manufacturer: DuPont Co
PET (polyethylene terephthalate # polyester /BH4410G9/ SAIRI Technology)
Uses: other
Important parameter: density: 1.4 g/cm3
Manufacturer: Yuyao race science and technology plastic material Co., Ltd.
