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挤出和注塑是最常见的两种塑料加工工艺，二者是怎样加工塑料制品的?二者的区别是什么?
塑料挤出
在塑料加工中又称挤出成型或挤塑，在橡胶加工中又称压出。是指物料通过挤出机料筒和螺杆间的作用，边受热塑化，边被螺杆向前推送，连续通过机头而制成各种截面制品或半制品的一种加工方法。挤出应用于热塑性塑料和橡胶的加工，可进行配料、造粒、胶料过滤等，可连续化生产，制造各种连续制品如管材、型材、板材(或片材)、薄膜、电线电缆包覆、橡胶轮胎胎面条、内胎胎筒、密封条等，其生产效率高。
挤出成型机由挤出装置、传动机构和加热、冷却系统等主要部分组成。挤出机有螺杆式(单螺杆和多螺杆)和柱塞式两种类型。前者的挤出工艺是连续式，后者是间歇式。
单螺杆挤出机的基本结构主要包括传动装置、加料装置、料筒、螺杆、机头和口模等部分。
挤出机的辅助设备有物料的前处理设备(如物料输送与干燥)、挤出物处理设备(定型、冷却、牵引、切料或辊卷)和生产条件控制设备等三大类。
塑料注塑
塑料注塑是塑料制品的一种方法，也叫注射成型，将熔融的塑料利用压力注进塑料制品模具中，冷却成型得到想要各种塑料件。有专门用于进行注塑的机械注塑机。目前最常使用的塑料是聚苯乙烯。所得的形状往往就是最后成品，在安装或作为最终成品使用之前不再需要其他的加工。许多细部，诸如凸起部、肋、螺纹，都可以在注射模塑一步操作中成型出来。
| Physical Properties | Metric | English | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| Density | 1.16 g/cc | 0.0419 lb/in3 | ISO 1183 |
| Moisture Absorption at Equilibrium | 0.200 % | 0.200 % | ISO 62 |
| Water Absorption at Saturation | 0.500 % | 0.500 % | ISO 62 |
| Viscosity |
225000 cP @Frequency 1000 Hz, Temperature 260 °C |
225000 cP @Frequency 1000 Hz, Temperature 500 °F |
ISO 1133 |
| Linear Mold Shrinkage, Flow | 0.00550 - 0.00750 cm/cm | 0.00550 - 0.00750 in/in | 150x105x3 mm; 260 °C / MT 80 °C; b.o. ISO 2577 |
| Linear Mold Shrinkage, Transverse | 0.00550 - 0.00750 cm/cm | 0.00550 - 0.00750 in/in | 150x105x3 mm; 260 °C / MT 80 °C; b.o. ISO 2577 |
| Melt Flow |
31 g/10 min @Load 5.00 kg, Temperature 260 °C |
31 g/10 min @Load 11.0 lb, Temperature 500 °F |
estimated from MVR using room temperature density; ISO 1133 |
| Mechanical Properties | Metric | English | Comments |
| Tensile Strength at Break | 62.0 MPa | 8990 psi | 50 mm/min; ISO 527-1/-2 |
| Tensile Strength, Yield | 63.0 MPa | 9140 psi | 50 mm/min; ISO 527-1/-2 |
| Elongation at Break | >= 50.0 % | >= 50.0 % | 50 mm/min; ISO 527-1/-2 |
| Elongation at Yield | 5.0 % | 5.0 % | 50 mm/min; ISO 527-1/-2 |
| Tensile Modulus | 2.45 GPa | 355 ksi | 1 mm/min; ISO 527-1/-2 |
| Izod Impact, Notched (ISO) |
15.0 kJ/m2 @Temperature -20.0 °C |
7.14 ft-lb/in2 @Temperature -4.00 °F |
ISO 180-A |
|
45.0 kJ/m2 @Temperature 23.0 °C |
21.4 ft-lb/in2 @Temperature 73.4 °F |
ISO 180-A | |
| Izod Impact, Unnotched (ISO) |
NB @Temperature 23.0 °C |
NB @Temperature 73.4 °F |
ISO 180-U |
|
NB @Temperature -30.0 °C |
NB @Temperature -22.0 °F |
ISO 180-U | |
| Electrical Properties | Metric | English | Comments |
| Volume Resistivity | 1.00e+14 ohm-cm | 1.00e+14 ohm-cm | IEC 60093 |
| Surface Resistance | 1.00e+16 ohm | 1.00e+16 ohm | IEC 60093 |
| Dielectric Constant |
2.80 @Frequency 1.00e+6 Hz |
2.80 @Frequency 1.00e+6 Hz |
IEC 60250 |
PET (polyethylene terephthalate polyester #) /PETFR3G0/ Yuyao kotai
Uses: other
Important parameter:
Manufacturer: Yuyao Ketai Plastic Co. Ltd
PET (polyethylene terephthalate polyester /BIO/ Lotte chemical #)
Uses: other
Characteristic note: copolymer can be renewed with high heat resistance
Important parameter: density: 1.39 g/cm3
Manufacturer: Lotte Chemical Corporation of Korea
PET (polyethylene terephthalate polyester # taikena) /FC835/
Uses: other
Characteristic note: machining and dimensional stability
Important parameters: density: 1.59 g/cm3 notched impact strength: 5.5 tensile strength: 95 MPa bending strength: 150 MPa bending modulus: 9880 MPa, hot deformation temperature: 217 DEG C
Manufacturer: America taikena company
PET (polyethylene terephthalate # polyester plastic /300-G30/ Beijing)
Uses: other
Important parameters: molding shrinkage: 0.2% notched impact strength: 8 tensile strength: 125 MPa bending strength: 190 MPa hot deformation temperature: 220 DEG C
Manufacturer: Beijing plastic engineering plastics Co., Ltd.
PET (polyethylene terephthalate # polyester plastic /400-G30/ Beijing)
Uses: other
Important parameters: molding shrinkage: 0.2% notched impact strength: 10 tensile strength: 120 MPa bending strength: 180 MPa hot deformation temperature: 220 DEG C
Manufacturer: Beijing plastic engineering plastics Co., Ltd.
PET (polyethylene terephthalate polyester #) /1185/ RTP
Uses: other
Characteristic note: conductive property. Processing method: injection molding.
Important parameters: density: 1.42 g/cm3 molding shrinkage: 0.1% notched impact strength: 80 tensile strength: 172 MPa, elongation at break: 1.5% bending strength: 276 MPa bending modulus: 22000 MPa, hot deformation temperature: 216 DEG C
Manufacturer: American RTP company
PET (polyethylene terephthalate polyester #) /AV2 390 XL/ Holland DSM
Uses: other
Important parameter: density: 1.78 g/cm3, water absorption rate: 0.3%, hot deformation temperature: 252 degrees centigrade
Manufacturer: Holland DSM company
PET (polyethylene terephthalate polyester #) /84S7301/ Matrixx
Uses: other
Important parameter: density: 1.68 g/cm3 bending modulus: 9310 MPa, hot deformation temperature: 202 DEG C
Manufacturer: Matrixx (matrix) Company
PET (polyethylene terephthalate polyester #) /KE731/ Korea Kolon
Uses: other
Important parameters: density: 1.3 g/cm3, water absorption: 0.06% molding shrinkage: 0.4% bending strength: 90.2 MPa bending modulus: 2450 MPa hardness: 88, hot deformation temperature: 73 DEG C
Manufacturer: Korea long Corporation
PET (polyethylene terephthalate polyester #) /QR-3000/ QTR
Uses: other
Remark: semi crystallization, good chemical resistance
Important parameters: density: 1.3 g/cm3 notched impact strength: 53.4 bending strength: 82.7 MPa bending modulus: 2070 MPa, hot deformation temperature: 60 DEG C
Manufacturer: American QTR company
PET (polyethylene terephthalate polyester # Indonesia Indorama /S4/)
Uses: other
Characteristic note: consistency of copolymer food contact, viscosity, high
Important parameters: melt flow rate: 18 g/10min notched impact strength: 42, elongation at break: 310% bending strength: 73.2 MPa bending modulus: 2150 MPa
Manufacturer: Indonesia Indorama group
PET (polyethylene terephthalate polyester #) /HF/ India Ester
Application: Film
Features: good dimensional stability, smooth surface finish
Important parameter: molding shrinkage: 2%
Manufacturer: India Ester Industry Co., Ltd.
PET (polyethylene terephthalate polyester #) /PT DuPont 7086/
Uses: other
Characteristic note: high molecular weight food contact compliance, viscosity, high barrier resin
Important parameter: density: 1.33 g/cm3
Manufacturer: DuPont Co
PET (polyethylene terephthalate polyester #) /VG-30/ Foshan Li Chen
Uses: other
Important parameters: density: 1.63 g/cm3, notch impact strength: 280, hot deformation temperature: 245 DEG C
Manufacturer: Foshan City East Material Co. Ltd.
PET (polyethylene terephthalate polyester #) /MRGF101-GY1/ Wellman
Uses: other
Important parameters: density: 1.53 g/cm3 notched impact strength: 7 bending strength: 145 MPa bending modulus: 7700 MPa, hot deformation temperature: 205 DEG C
Manufacturer: American Wellman company
PET (polyethylene terephthalate polyester #) /MRGF102-BK1/ Wellman
Uses: other
Important parameters: density: 1.59 g/cm3 notched impact strength: 6 bending strength: 155 MPa bending modulus: 10400 MPa, hot deformation temperature: 210 DEG C
Manufacturer: American Wellman company
PET (polyethylene terephthalate polyester #) /SH82/ Korea SKC
Application: Film
Remarks: optical properties, high gloss and good cohesiveness
Important parameters: density: 1.4 g/cm3 molding shrinkage: 1.2% tensile strength: 207 MPa, elongation at break: 160%
Manufacturer: Korea SKC company
PET (polyethylene terephthalate polyester #) /SL10S/ Korea SKC
Application: Film
Remark: smoothness, heat sealing and good cohesiveness
Important parameters: density: 1.4 g/cm3 molding shrinkage: 1.8% tensile strength: 214 MPa, elongation at break: 130%
Manufacturer: Korea SKC company
PET (polyethylene terephthalate polyester #) /SP82/ Korea SKC
Application: Film
Characteristic note: excellent printability and good cohesiveness
Important parameters: density: 1.4 g/cm3 molding shrinkage: 1.6% tensile strength: 283 MPa, elongation at break: 120%
Manufacturer: Korea SKC company
PET (polyethylene terephthalate polyester #) /3030F/ north of Yuyao
Uses: other
Important parameters: density: 1.48 g/cm3 notched impact strength: 8 tensile strength: 145 MPa bending strength: 210 MPa hot deformation temperature: 198 DEG C
Manufacturer: Yuyao Shibei Plastic Industry Co., Ltd.
