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挤出和注塑是最常见的两种塑料加工工艺，二者是怎样加工塑料制品的?二者的区别是什么?
塑料挤出
在塑料加工中又称挤出成型或挤塑，在橡胶加工中又称压出。是指物料通过挤出机料筒和螺杆间的作用，边受热塑化，边被螺杆向前推送，连续通过机头而制成各种截面制品或半制品的一种加工方法。挤出应用于热塑性塑料和橡胶的加工，可进行配料、造粒、胶料过滤等，可连续化生产，制造各种连续制品如管材、型材、板材(或片材)、薄膜、电线电缆包覆、橡胶轮胎胎面条、内胎胎筒、密封条等，其生产效率高。
挤出成型机由挤出装置、传动机构和加热、冷却系统等主要部分组成。挤出机有螺杆式(单螺杆和多螺杆)和柱塞式两种类型。前者的挤出工艺是连续式，后者是间歇式。
单螺杆挤出机的基本结构主要包括传动装置、加料装置、料筒、螺杆、机头和口模等部分。
挤出机的辅助设备有物料的前处理设备(如物料输送与干燥)、挤出物处理设备(定型、冷却、牵引、切料或辊卷)和生产条件控制设备等三大类。
塑料注塑
塑料注塑是塑料制品的一种方法，也叫注射成型，将熔融的塑料利用压力注进塑料制品模具中，冷却成型得到想要各种塑料件。有专门用于进行注塑的机械注塑机。目前最常使用的塑料是聚苯乙烯。所得的形状往往就是最后成品，在安装或作为最终成品使用之前不再需要其他的加工。许多细部，诸如凸起部、肋、螺纹，都可以在注射模塑一步操作中成型出来。
| Physical Properties | Metric | English | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| Density | 1.16 g/cc | 0.0419 lb/in3 | ISO 1183 |
| Moisture Absorption at Equilibrium | 0.200 % | 0.200 % | ISO 62 |
| Water Absorption at Saturation | 0.500 % | 0.500 % | ISO 62 |
| Viscosity |
225000 cP @Frequency 1000 Hz, Temperature 260 °C |
225000 cP @Frequency 1000 Hz, Temperature 500 °F |
ISO 1133 |
| Linear Mold Shrinkage, Flow | 0.00550 - 0.00750 cm/cm | 0.00550 - 0.00750 in/in | 150x105x3 mm; 260 °C / MT 80 °C; b.o. ISO 2577 |
| Linear Mold Shrinkage, Transverse | 0.00550 - 0.00750 cm/cm | 0.00550 - 0.00750 in/in | 150x105x3 mm; 260 °C / MT 80 °C; b.o. ISO 2577 |
| Melt Flow |
31 g/10 min @Load 5.00 kg, Temperature 260 °C |
31 g/10 min @Load 11.0 lb, Temperature 500 °F |
estimated from MVR using room temperature density; ISO 1133 |
| Mechanical Properties | Metric | English | Comments |
| Tensile Strength at Break | 62.0 MPa | 8990 psi | 50 mm/min; ISO 527-1/-2 |
| Tensile Strength, Yield | 63.0 MPa | 9140 psi | 50 mm/min; ISO 527-1/-2 |
| Elongation at Break | >= 50.0 % | >= 50.0 % | 50 mm/min; ISO 527-1/-2 |
| Elongation at Yield | 5.0 % | 5.0 % | 50 mm/min; ISO 527-1/-2 |
| Tensile Modulus | 2.45 GPa | 355 ksi | 1 mm/min; ISO 527-1/-2 |
| Izod Impact, Notched (ISO) |
15.0 kJ/m2 @Temperature -20.0 °C |
7.14 ft-lb/in2 @Temperature -4.00 °F |
ISO 180-A |
|
45.0 kJ/m2 @Temperature 23.0 °C |
21.4 ft-lb/in2 @Temperature 73.4 °F |
ISO 180-A | |
| Izod Impact, Unnotched (ISO) |
NB @Temperature 23.0 °C |
NB @Temperature 73.4 °F |
ISO 180-U |
|
NB @Temperature -30.0 °C |
NB @Temperature -22.0 °F |
ISO 180-U | |
| Electrical Properties | Metric | English | Comments |
| Volume Resistivity | 1.00e+14 ohm-cm | 1.00e+14 ohm-cm | IEC 60093 |
| Surface Resistance | 1.00e+16 ohm | 1.00e+16 ohm | IEC 60093 |
| Dielectric Constant |
2.80 @Frequency 1.00e+6 Hz |
2.80 @Frequency 1.00e+6 Hz |
IEC 60250 |
PET (polyethylene terephthalate polyester #) /935 DuPont NC010/
Uses: other
Important parameters: density: 1.58 g/cm3 molding shrinkage: 0.35% notched impact strength: 64 tensile strength: 89.6 MPa, elongation at break: 2% bending strength: 141 MPa bending modulus: 9600 MPa, hot deformation temperature: 215 DEG C
Manufacturer: DuPont Co
PET (polyethylene terephthalate polyester #) /EMML/ India Ester
Application: Film
Features: plating gloss, high resistance to rupture, good processability, good embossed
Important parameter: molding shrinkage: 2.5%
Manufacturer: India Ester Industry Co., Ltd.
PET (polyethylene terephthalate polyester #) /BB 7755/ SK of South Korea
Uses: other
Characteristic note: high strength homopolymer durability, thermal stability, good
Important parameter: density: 1.4 g/cm3
Manufacturer: Korea SK Corporation
PET (polyethylene terephthalate polyester #) /BB 8055/ SK of South Korea
Uses: other
Characteristic note: high strength homopolymer durability, thermal stability, good
Important parameter: density: 1.4 g/cm3
Manufacturer: Korea SK Corporation
PET (polyethylene terephthalate polyester #) /VG-20/ Foshan Li Chen
Uses: other
Important parameters: density: 1.55 g/cm3 notched impact strength: 210 bending strength: 175 MPa, hot deformation temperature: 230 DEG C
Manufacturer: Foshan City East Material Co. Ltd.
PET (polyethylene terephthalate polyester #) /GF100-BK1/ Wellman
Uses: other
Important parameters: density: 1.55 g/cm3 notched impact strength: 9 bending strength: 190 MPa bending modulus: 9800 MPa, hot deformation temperature: 215 DEG C
Manufacturer: American Wellman company
PET (polyethylene terephthalate polyester #) /SP65/ Korea SKC
Application: Film
Characteristic note: good processability and good flexibility
Important parameters: density: 1.4 g/cm3 molding shrinkage: 1.8% tensile strength: 296 MPa, elongation at break: 110%
Manufacturer: Korea SKC company
PET (polyethylene terephthalate polyester # taikena) /340R/
Uses: other
Characteristic note: high rigidity and high temperature resistance
Important parameters: density: 1.7 g/cm3 molding shrinkage: 0.15% notched impact strength: 9.5 tensile strength: 190 MPa, elongation at break: 2.1% bending strength: 290 MPa bending modulus: 15000 MPa, hot deformation temperature: 229 DEG C
Manufacturer: America taikena company
PET (polyethylene terephthalate polyester # taikena) /630R/
Uses: other
Remark: high toughness and high temperature resistance
Important parameters: density: 1.6 g/cm3 molding shrinkage: 0.4% notched impact strength: 4.8 tensile strength: 85 MPa, elongation at break: 2% bending strength: 130 MPa bending modulus: 8200 MPa, hot deformation temperature: 175 DEG C
Manufacturer: America taikena company
PET (polyethylene terephthalate polyester # taikena) /830R/
Uses: other
Characteristic note: high rigidity
Important parameters: density: 1.6 g/cm3 absorption rate: 0.08% molding shrinkage rate: 0.2% notched impact strength: 6.3 tensile strength: 118 MPa elongation: 2.1% bending strength: 190 MPa flexural modulus of 11000 MPa hot deformation temperature: 216 degrees
Manufacturer: America taikena company
PET (polyethylene terephthalate polyester #) /KEG1030F/ Korea koplar
Uses: other
Important parameters: density: 1.65 g/cm3 molding shrinkage: 0.5% tensile strength: 137 MPa bending strength: 196 MPa bending modulus: 9806 MPa hardness: 120, hot deformation temperature: 220 DEG C
Manufacturer: South Korea koplar Engineering Plastics Co. Ltd.
PET (polyethylene terephthalate polyester /E2345/ Chengyu plastic #)
Uses: other
Important parameters: density: 1.8 g/cm3 molding shrinkage: 0.2% notched impact strength: 9.8 tensile strength: 0.9 MPa bending strength: 1.8 MPa hardness: 125, hot deformation temperature: 247 DEG C, filler content: 45%
Manufacturer: Plastic Co., Ltd.
PET (polyethylene terephthalate polyester #) /80S7150/ Matrixx
Uses: other
Important parameter: density: 1.44 g/cm3 molding shrinkage: 0.4% bending modulus: 5000 MPa, hot deformation temperature: 160 DEG C
Manufacturer: Matrixx (matrix) Company
PET (polyethylene terephthalate polyester #) /80S7301/ Matrixx
Uses: other
Important parameter: density: 1.56 g/cm3 molding shrinkage: 0.3% bending modulus: 8620 MPa, hot deformation temperature: 210 DEG C
Manufacturer: Matrixx (matrix) Company
PET (polyethylene terephthalate polyester #) /COLM/ India Ester
Application: Film
Remark: plating gloss, high resistance to rupture, good adhesion, good adhesion, barrier resin
Important parameter: molding shrinkage: 2%
Manufacturer: India Ester Industry Co., Ltd.
PET (polyethylene terephthalate polyester #) /COLMH/ India Ester
Application: Film
Remark: plating gloss, high resistance to rupture, good adhesion, good adhesion, barrier resin
Important parameter: molding shrinkage: 2%
Manufacturer: India Ester Industry Co., Ltd.
PET (polyethylene terephthalate polyester # Indonesia Indorama /N1/)
Application: Film
Characteristics: good dimensional stability, general compliance of food contact
Important parameters: melt flow rate: 38 g/10min notched impact strength: 41, elongation at break: 310% bending strength: 71.4 MPa bending modulus: 2150 MPa
Manufacturer: Indonesia Indorama group
PET (polyethylene terephthalate polyester #) /RT430/ Shenzhen Hua Lixing
Uses: other
Characteristic note: XX represents fiberglass content and replaces FR530
Important parameter:
Manufacturer: Shenzhen hualixing Engineering Plastics Co., Ltd.
PET (polyethylene terephthalate polyester #) /SH76/ Korea SKC
Application: Film
Features: good dimensional stability, good optical performance and good machinability
